Back to Birding Basics

          Lately, I have been experiencing some setbacks when I am out birding. From time to time, one of the main issues I have is that I am too quick to judge a species based on a casual observation. I always bring the Sibley Field Guide to Birds of Eastern North America with me to use as reference, but, often, what I am observing is gone as soon as I look away. Other times, if I see something from a distance without use of a scope, then I can only make my best guess. Having good optics and a camera are helpful tools, but what makes a difference involves understanding the basics of identification.

          Cornell’s Lab of Ornithology lists four keys to identification: size and shape, color pattern, behavior, and habitat.¹ Others may form their own opinions, but here is how I view each one:

1. Size and shape are the most important aspects of identification, but we have trouble discerning an object’s dimensions without a point of reference. Compare an unknown species to a bird you know that is of similar size and shape.
2. Color patterns will often distinguish one species from another rather easily but can be difficult to observe for anyone, especially when a bird is in its basic or nonbreeding plumage or seen in low-light conditions. Look at the overall coloration as well as any unusual markings.
3. Behavior is fundamental to knowing when and where birds will be the most active, which is what many beginners overlook in their observations. Study how a bird is moving, whether it is walking, hopping, running, swimming, gliding, or flying.
4. Habitat is useful to determine which species are common to your area. Examine geographic range maps, which alert you to when and where birds will migrate and the likelihood of a rarity appearing outside of its range.

          Having a good understanding of each key will save you both time and trouble, especially if you are communicating this information to someone else. As you gain experience, use of these keys will become second nature for you, but do not be discouraged if you make a mistake. If you are unsure of your identification, then ask! There are many knowledgeable people, who have been birding for decades, and would be more than happy to help you. Additionally, there are numerous field guides and online references out there, but some will prove to be better resources over others. Here are some of the books and websites that have been helpful for me:

Sibley Field Guide to Birds of Eastern North America

Sibley Field Guide to Birds of Western North America

National Geographic’s Field Guide to Birds of North America, 6^th Edition

WhatBird (whatbird.org)

Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s All About Birds (allaboutbirds.org)

          Remember to have patience, perseverance, and confidence because we all start somewhere. Without question, the best way to improve your birding skills is to get out there and enjoy!

¹ "Building Skills." All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 2011.